So. He doesn't dare insulting the Irish Soccer Team and has little to no good words against Ireland. Upfront, being German, there are topics you should keep your mouth shut on, such as moral judgements. You started that shit and played it worst, but still are German no matter all other options, now calling it all hatred, even so your many "there is no black and white"...
I would like to clarify:
(Google AI)
what did the Irish soccer team say about Israel?
The [Republic of Ireland national football team](https://www.google.com/search?q=Republic+of+Ireland+national+football+team&kgmid=/m/02ryyk) has collectively expressed deep unease regarding playing against [Israel](https://www.google.com/search?q=Israel+national+football+team&kgmid=/m/03spz) due to the ongoing war and humanitarian crisis in Gaza. After months of intense public pressure to boycott the fixtures, the squad held internal votes and discussions. [1, 2, 3, 4]
The primary statements and actions from the team, management, and individual players include:
* Manager Heimir HallgrĂmsson: Ahead of their UEFA Nations League match, the Ireland manager drew strong reactions by stating, "We're not playing with genocide, we're playing against genocide. We're playing against Israel, we're not playing with Israel." Following the team's 3-0 victory on September 27, 2026, he noted that it had been the toughest days of his coaching career but praised his players for "raising awareness worldwide" through their on-pitch protests. [1, 5, 6]
* Gavin Bazunu's Boycott Statement: Backup goalkeeper Gavin Bazunu explicitly refused to participate in the fixtures. He released a personal statement on social media declaring, “it would be wrong to participate... based purely upon my personal belief that the killing of innocent people is wrong.” [4, 7]
* The Squad's Collective Stance: A significant majority of the squad ultimately voted to fulfill the fixture to avoid heavy UEFA sanctions and fines for the Football Association of Ireland (FAI). However, they agreed to skip all pre-match media obligations and formalized a silent on-field protest. [2, 8, 9, 10]
* On-Field Protest Actions: During the match in Debrecen, Hungary, the Irish players wore black armbands—which the FAI stated was "in recognition of all lives lost in the conflict". The players refused to shake hands with the Israeli players, did not exchange team pennants, and bowed their heads toward the grass during the playing of the Israeli national anthem. Irish captain Dara O'Shea deliberately kept his hands clasped behind his back during the pre-match captain’s meeting. [6, 7, 11, 12]
The Israeli Football Association and players reacted angrily to the protests, accusing the Irish management and squad of "stupidity, ignorance, and hypocrisy," while maintaining that football and politics should remain strictly separate. [1, 13]
Would you like more details on the UEFA rules and potential sanctions that influenced the Irish team's decision to play, or information regarding the upcoming second-leg match in Serbia?
[1] [https://www.cnn.com](https://www.cnn.com/2026/09/26/sport/ireland-israel-uefa-nations-league)
[2] [https://www.instagram.com](https://www.instagram.com/p/DdzfteStx1a/)
[3] [https://www.bbc.com](https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c6r7dy2yyx2xo)
[4] [https://www.aljazeera.com](https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2026/9/27/ireland-defeats-israel-in-controversial-uefa-nations-league-match)
[5] [https://www.espn.com](https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/50045283/republic-ireland-israel-handshakes-nations-league-anthem-armbands)
[6] [https://www.facebook.com](https://www.facebook.com/rtenews/videos/ireland-manager-heimir-hallgrimsson-says-his-players-raised-awareness-worldwide-/1785650749005637/)
[7] [https://www.timesofisrael.com](https://www.timesofisrael.com/irish-soccer-team-refuses-handshakes-bows-heads-during-israeli-anthem-wins-the-match-3-0/)
[8] [https://www.dw.com](https://www.dw.com/en/ireland-beat-israel-3-0-in-nations-league-match-overshadowed-by-political-controversy/a-79455254)
[9] [https://www.jpost.com](https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/sports/article-909885)
[10] [https://www.instagram.com](https://www.instagram.com/reel/Dd1IirgCsQf/)
[11] [https://www.timesofisrael.com](https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/ireland-soccer-boss-says-team-raised-awareness-about-gaza-during-israel-game/)
[12] [https://www.instagram.com](https://www.instagram.com/p/Dd0du5Cl8f_/)
[13] [https://www.theguardian.com](https://www.theguardian.com/football/2026/sep/26/ireland-players-vote-to-go-ahead-with-nations-league-match-against-israel)
The primary statements and actions from the team, management, and individual players include:
* Manager Heimir HallgrĂmsson: Ahead of their UEFA Nations League match, the Ireland manager drew strong reactions by stating, "We're not playing with genocide, we're playing against genocide. We're playing against Israel, we're not playing with Israel." Following the team's 3-0 victory on September 27, 2026, he noted that it had been the toughest days of his coaching career but praised his players for "raising awareness worldwide" through their on-pitch protests. [1, 5, 6]
* Gavin Bazunu's Boycott Statement: Backup goalkeeper Gavin Bazunu explicitly refused to participate in the fixtures. He released a personal statement on social media declaring, “it would be wrong to participate... based purely upon my personal belief that the killing of innocent people is wrong.” [4, 7]
* The Squad's Collective Stance: A significant majority of the squad ultimately voted to fulfill the fixture to avoid heavy UEFA sanctions and fines for the Football Association of Ireland (FAI). However, they agreed to skip all pre-match media obligations and formalized a silent on-field protest. [2, 8, 9, 10]
* On-Field Protest Actions: During the match in Debrecen, Hungary, the Irish players wore black armbands—which the FAI stated was "in recognition of all lives lost in the conflict". The players refused to shake hands with the Israeli players, did not exchange team pennants, and bowed their heads toward the grass during the playing of the Israeli national anthem. Irish captain Dara O'Shea deliberately kept his hands clasped behind his back during the pre-match captain’s meeting. [6, 7, 11, 12]
The Israeli Football Association and players reacted angrily to the protests, accusing the Irish management and squad of "stupidity, ignorance, and hypocrisy," while maintaining that football and politics should remain strictly separate. [1, 13]
Would you like more details on the UEFA rules and potential sanctions that influenced the Irish team's decision to play, or information regarding the upcoming second-leg match in Serbia?
[1] [https://www.cnn.com](https://www.cnn.com/2026/09/26/sport/ireland-israel-uefa-nations-league)
[2] [https://www.instagram.com](https://www.instagram.com/p/DdzfteStx1a/)
[3] [https://www.bbc.com](https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c6r7dy2yyx2xo)
[4] [https://www.aljazeera.com](https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2026/9/27/ireland-defeats-israel-in-controversial-uefa-nations-league-match)
[5] [https://www.espn.com](https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/50045283/republic-ireland-israel-handshakes-nations-league-anthem-armbands)
[6] [https://www.facebook.com](https://www.facebook.com/rtenews/videos/ireland-manager-heimir-hallgrimsson-says-his-players-raised-awareness-worldwide-/1785650749005637/)
[7] [https://www.timesofisrael.com](https://www.timesofisrael.com/irish-soccer-team-refuses-handshakes-bows-heads-during-israeli-anthem-wins-the-match-3-0/)
[8] [https://www.dw.com](https://www.dw.com/en/ireland-beat-israel-3-0-in-nations-league-match-overshadowed-by-political-controversy/a-79455254)
[9] [https://www.jpost.com](https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/sports/article-909885)
[10] [https://www.instagram.com](https://www.instagram.com/reel/Dd1IirgCsQf/)
[11] [https://www.timesofisrael.com](https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/ireland-soccer-boss-says-team-raised-awareness-about-gaza-during-israel-game/)
[12] [https://www.instagram.com](https://www.instagram.com/p/Dd0du5Cl8f_/)
[13] [https://www.theguardian.com](https://www.theguardian.com/football/2026/sep/26/ireland-players-vote-to-go-ahead-with-nations-league-match-against-israel)
Tell me about Irelands Jewish history? When was it a refuge and when were they pogroms?
Ireland's Jewish history is a complex narrative with deep roots, spanning more than a millennium. The relationship has historically fluctuated between long periods of peaceful integration and severe, targeted hostility. [1]
## 🛡️ Ireland as a Refuge: Safe Haven and False Hope
For centuries, Ireland served as a place of refuge for Jews escaping intense violence in other parts of Europe, though its modern borders proved difficult to cross during the Nazi regime.
* The 15th and 17th Century Refugees: Following the Alhambra Decree of 1492, which expelled Jews from Spain and Portugal, a wave of Sephardic Jews found safety in Ireland. A prominent example is [William Annyas](https://www.google.com/search?q=william+annyas&kgmid=/m/04yfqh7), who became Ireland's first Jewish mayor when he was elected to lead Youghal, County Cork, in 1555. In the mid-17th century, another group of Portuguese-speaking Jewish refugees arrived in Ireland after being expelled from Dutch Brazil. [1]
* The Lithuanian Migration (Late 1800s): The most significant influx occurred between 1881 and 1914, when thousands of Ashkenazi Jews fled the brutal, state-sanctioned pogroms of the Russian Empire (especially from modern-day Lithuania). They established thriving communities, most famously in Dublin along the South Circular Road, an area that became affectionately known as "Little Jerusalem". [2, 3]
* The Holocaust (World War II Era Barrier): While Ireland was a sanctuary in the 19th century, its record during World War II was notably restrictive. Driven by neutrality and an anti-Semitic Irish ambassador to Germany ([Charles Bewley](https://www.google.com/search?q=charles+bewley&kgmid=/m/09gz55)), the Irish government under Éamon de Valera closed its borders to almost all Jewish refugees trying to escape Nazi-occupied Europe, out of a stated fear that an influx would spark domestic friction. Ireland accepted only a very minimal number of Jewish children, under the explicit condition that they leave after the war concluded. [4, 5]
------------------------------
## ⚠️ When Were the Pogroms?
Ireland did not experience the massive, bloody pogroms seen in Eastern Europe. However, it did suffer from distinct, localized anti-Semitic events that historians categorize as a pogrom or violent boycott.
+------------------+-----------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Event | Year | Core Impact |
+------------------+-----------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Medieval | 1290 | Expulsion alongside England's Edict of|
| Expulsion | | Expulsion by King Edward I. |
+------------------+-----------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| The Limerick | 1904–1906 | An intense anti-Semitic boycott, mob |
| "Pogrom" | | violence, and economic exile. |
+------------------+-----------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Targeted Murder | 1923 | Extremist violence targeting Jewish |
| Campaigns | | individuals during the Civil War era. |
+------------------+-----------------------------+---------------------------------------+
* The Limerick Pogrom (1904): The most infamous anti-Semitic event in Irish history is the [Limerick Boycott](https://www.google.com/search?q=Limerick+Boycott+in+1904&kgmid=/m/0p3hndp), frequently referred to as the [Limerick Pogrom](https://www.google.com/search?q=Limerick+Pogrom+in+1904&kgmid=/m/0p3hndp). In January 1904, Father John Creagh, a Catholic priest from the Redemptorist Order, delivered a series of fiery, hateful sermons accusing the local Jewish community—ironically made up of refugees fleeing Russian violence—of economic exploitation and religious slurs.
Driven by his rhetoric, mobs attacked Limerick's Jewish quarter, throwing stones, breaking windows, and assaulting families. This was followed by a ruthless two-year economic boycott. While fortunately nobody was killed, the psychological and economic devastation forced most of Limerick's 35 Jewish families to abandon the city, triggering a terminal decline for the local community. [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
* The 1923 Targeted Murders: Amid the chaos of the Irish Civil War era, a series of anti-Semitic targeted attacks shook the Jewish population. In Dublin, a small contingent of rogue republican/IRA elements carried out targeted assaults, including the fatal shootings of Jewish citizens Bernard Goldberg and Emmanuel Kahn, stoking immense fear within the capital's Jewish community. [4]
Today, while the Irish Jewish population remains historically small, it is anchored by a lasting heritage preserved at the [Irish Jewish Museum](https://jewishmuseum.ie/) in Dublin, tracing its roots from medieval merchants to modern leaders. [2]
[1] [https://jweekly.com](https://jweekly.com/2002/11/29/jews-in-ireland-museum-tells-of-little-known-history/)
[2] [https://jewishmuseum.ie](https://jewishmuseum.ie/jews-of-ireland/timeline/)
[3] [https://aish.com](https://aish.com/jews-and-ireland/)
[4] [https://www.reddit.com](https://www.reddit.com/r/IrishHistory/comments/1adwxi6/jewishirish_relations/)
[5] [https://www.youtube.com](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gzmA8bejc5M&t=306)
[6] [https://www.theirishstory.com](https://www.theirishstory.com/2020/07/05/revisiting-the-limerick-pogrom-of-1904/)
[7] [https://en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ireland)
[8] [https://en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick_boycott)
[9] [https://jewishcurrents.org](https://jewishcurrents.org/a-boycott-against-irish-jews)
[10] [https://www.jewishgen.org](https://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/ireland/limerick/index.htm)
[11] [https://jewishcurrents.org](https://jewishcurrents.org/a-boycott-against-irish-jews)
[12] [https://historyireland.com](https://historyireland.com/the-limerick-pogrom-1904/)
For centuries, Ireland served as a place of refuge for Jews escaping intense violence in other parts of Europe, though its modern borders proved difficult to cross during the Nazi regime.
* The 15th and 17th Century Refugees: Following the Alhambra Decree of 1492, which expelled Jews from Spain and Portugal, a wave of Sephardic Jews found safety in Ireland. A prominent example is [William Annyas](https://www.google.com/search?q=william+annyas&kgmid=/m/04yfqh7), who became Ireland's first Jewish mayor when he was elected to lead Youghal, County Cork, in 1555. In the mid-17th century, another group of Portuguese-speaking Jewish refugees arrived in Ireland after being expelled from Dutch Brazil. [1]
* The Lithuanian Migration (Late 1800s): The most significant influx occurred between 1881 and 1914, when thousands of Ashkenazi Jews fled the brutal, state-sanctioned pogroms of the Russian Empire (especially from modern-day Lithuania). They established thriving communities, most famously in Dublin along the South Circular Road, an area that became affectionately known as "Little Jerusalem". [2, 3]
* The Holocaust (World War II Era Barrier): While Ireland was a sanctuary in the 19th century, its record during World War II was notably restrictive. Driven by neutrality and an anti-Semitic Irish ambassador to Germany ([Charles Bewley](https://www.google.com/search?q=charles+bewley&kgmid=/m/09gz55)), the Irish government under Éamon de Valera closed its borders to almost all Jewish refugees trying to escape Nazi-occupied Europe, out of a stated fear that an influx would spark domestic friction. Ireland accepted only a very minimal number of Jewish children, under the explicit condition that they leave after the war concluded. [4, 5]
------------------------------
## ⚠️ When Were the Pogroms?
Ireland did not experience the massive, bloody pogroms seen in Eastern Europe. However, it did suffer from distinct, localized anti-Semitic events that historians categorize as a pogrom or violent boycott.
+------------------+-----------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Event | Year | Core Impact |
+------------------+-----------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Medieval | 1290 | Expulsion alongside England's Edict of|
| Expulsion | | Expulsion by King Edward I. |
+------------------+-----------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| The Limerick | 1904–1906 | An intense anti-Semitic boycott, mob |
| "Pogrom" | | violence, and economic exile. |
+------------------+-----------------------------+---------------------------------------+
| Targeted Murder | 1923 | Extremist violence targeting Jewish |
| Campaigns | | individuals during the Civil War era. |
+------------------+-----------------------------+---------------------------------------+
* The Limerick Pogrom (1904): The most infamous anti-Semitic event in Irish history is the [Limerick Boycott](https://www.google.com/search?q=Limerick+Boycott+in+1904&kgmid=/m/0p3hndp), frequently referred to as the [Limerick Pogrom](https://www.google.com/search?q=Limerick+Pogrom+in+1904&kgmid=/m/0p3hndp). In January 1904, Father John Creagh, a Catholic priest from the Redemptorist Order, delivered a series of fiery, hateful sermons accusing the local Jewish community—ironically made up of refugees fleeing Russian violence—of economic exploitation and religious slurs.
Driven by his rhetoric, mobs attacked Limerick's Jewish quarter, throwing stones, breaking windows, and assaulting families. This was followed by a ruthless two-year economic boycott. While fortunately nobody was killed, the psychological and economic devastation forced most of Limerick's 35 Jewish families to abandon the city, triggering a terminal decline for the local community. [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
* The 1923 Targeted Murders: Amid the chaos of the Irish Civil War era, a series of anti-Semitic targeted attacks shook the Jewish population. In Dublin, a small contingent of rogue republican/IRA elements carried out targeted assaults, including the fatal shootings of Jewish citizens Bernard Goldberg and Emmanuel Kahn, stoking immense fear within the capital's Jewish community. [4]
Today, while the Irish Jewish population remains historically small, it is anchored by a lasting heritage preserved at the [Irish Jewish Museum](https://jewishmuseum.ie/) in Dublin, tracing its roots from medieval merchants to modern leaders. [2]
[1] [https://jweekly.com](https://jweekly.com/2002/11/29/jews-in-ireland-museum-tells-of-little-known-history/)
[2] [https://jewishmuseum.ie](https://jewishmuseum.ie/jews-of-ireland/timeline/)
[3] [https://aish.com](https://aish.com/jews-and-ireland/)
[4] [https://www.reddit.com](https://www.reddit.com/r/IrishHistory/comments/1adwxi6/jewishirish_relations/)
[5] [https://www.youtube.com](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gzmA8bejc5M&t=306)
[6] [https://www.theirishstory.com](https://www.theirishstory.com/2020/07/05/revisiting-the-limerick-pogrom-of-1904/)
[7] [https://en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ireland)
[8] [https://en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick_boycott)
[9] [https://jewishcurrents.org](https://jewishcurrents.org/a-boycott-against-irish-jews)
[10] [https://www.jewishgen.org](https://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/ireland/limerick/index.htm)
[11] [https://jewishcurrents.org](https://jewishcurrents.org/a-boycott-against-irish-jews)
[12] [https://historyireland.com](https://historyireland.com/the-limerick-pogrom-1904/)
The Irish Paramilitary also has seen the Real IRA which was outlawed by IRA and Sinn Fein. Lately a group calling itself New IRA even attacked Sinn Fein politicians also being outlawed by the IRA.
The dynamics you are describing capture a central theme in modern Irish republicanism: "the split." As the famous Irish playwright Brendan Behan once joked, the first item on the agenda of any new Irish republican organization is "the split". [1]
The friction between mainstream republicanism (Sinn FĂ©in and the Provisional IRA) and dissident offshoots like the Real IRA and the New IRA represents a deep ideological divide over the use of violence after the [Good Friday Agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement) of 1998. [2, 3]
The friction between mainstream republicanism (Sinn FĂ©in and the Provisional IRA) and dissident offshoots like the Real IRA and the New IRA represents a deep ideological divide over the use of violence after the [Good Friday Agreement](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement) of 1998. [2, 3]
## 1. The Real IRA (RIRA) and the 1997 Split
The Real IRA formed in 1997 when the Provisional IRA (the dominant militant group during the Troubles) declared a ceasefire to allow its political wing, Sinn FĂ©in, to negotiate a peace deal. [2, 4]
* The Rejection: Led by the Provisional IRA’s former quartermaster general, Michael McKevitt, a hardline faction broke away. They argued that Sinn FĂ©in and the mainstream IRA leadership had "sold out" the republican cause by agreeing to a peace process that kept Northern Ireland under British rule. [3, 5]
* The Backlash: The mainstream IRA and Sinn FĂ©in immediately sidelined and condemned the Real IRA. Public and political isolation intensified dramatically after the RIRA carried out the horrific [1998 Omagh bombing](https://www.google.com/search?q=Omagh+bombing+on+1998-08-15&kgmid=/m/0sxrm), which killed 29 civilians. The Provisional IRA went as far as to issue quiet warnings to RIRA members to stand down, viewing them as a direct threat to the strategy of achieving a united Ireland through democratic means. [2, 6, 7]
## 2. The Rise of the New IRA (NIRA)
In 2012, the Real IRA merged with several smaller vigilante and militant groups—such as Republican Action Against Drugs (RAAD)—to form what the media dubbed the New IRA (though they officially call themselves just "the Irish Republican Army"). [5, 8]
* They remain the largest active "dissident republican" paramilitary group. Unlike the old Provisional IRA, which officially decommissioned its weapons in 2005, the New IRA continues a low-level campaign of violence targeting the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) and British infrastructure. [4, 8, 9]
## 3. Targeting Sinn FĂ©in: "Traitors" to the Cause
Because Sinn FĂ©in successfully transitioned into a mainstream democratic political party—even holding the position of First Minister in Northern Ireland—dissident groups like the New IRA view them not as allies, but as part of the "British state machinery". This has led to active intimidation and attacks: [1, 10]
* Active Threats: The Police Service of Northern Ireland has warned Sinn FĂ©in leadership, including Michelle O'Neill and Gerry Kelly, of verified plots by the New IRA to launch under-car bomb attacks against party members. This came in direct retaliation to Sinn FĂ©in leaders attending PSNI recruitment events, which dissidents view as endorsing British policing. [11, 12, 13]
* Vandalism and Protests: The political wing of the New IRA ([Saoradh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saoradh)) frequently clashes with Sinn FĂ©in over localized turf wars, murals, and political control in working-class republican neighborhoods. Dissidents regularly label Sinn FĂ©in politicians as "touts" (informers). [14]
* Targeting Veterans: In the past, prominent mainstream republican figures like former Sinn FĂ©in leader Gerry Adams have had their homes attacked with explosive devices by dissidents angry at the peaceful political path the party chose. [15]
The Provisional IRA is considered by security forces to be entirely inactive in terms of militant operations, leaving Sinn FĂ©in to fight the New IRA strictly through the legal, political, and democratic systems. [7, 16]
Would you like to explore Saoradh, the political group linked to the New IRA, or look closer at how Sinn FĂ©in's relationship with the police fueled these specific paramilitary threats? [12, 14]
[1] [https://www.theguardian.com](https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/apr/24/surviving-the-split-sinn-feins-long-road-to-independence-from-the-ira)
[2] [https://www.reddit.com](https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistory/comments/1bplj4z/can_someone_explain_the_ira_irish_republican_army/)
[3] [https://medium.com](https://medium.com/never-stop-writing/new-irish-republican-army-08c340989a01)
[4] [https://en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Real_IRA_and_New_IRA_actions)
[5] [https://news.sky.com](https://news.sky.com/story/what-is-the-new-ira-what-the-group-has-done-and-where-it-sits-in-the-iras-history-12817687)
[6] [https://www.ecoi.net](https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2101655.html)
[7] [https://www.quora.com](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-relationship-between-Sinn-Fein-and-the-Irish-Republican-Army-IRA-Are-they-separate-groups-or-just-different-names-for-the-same-organization)
[8] [https://en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Irish_Republican_Army)
[9] [https://blogs.lse.ac.uk](https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/new-routes-to-old-goals-the-strategic-transformation-of-sinn-fein-and-the-ira/)
[10] [https://www.theguardian.com](https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/apr/01/sinn-fein-talks-republican-dissidents)
[11] [https://sinnfein.ie](https://sinnfein.ie/news/bomb-threat-against-sinn-fein-members-must-be-lifted-oneill/)
[12] [https://www.bbc.com](https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-51459748)
[13] [https://www.rte.ie](https://www.rte.ie/news/ulster/2020/0217/1115942-sinn-fein-new-ira-threat/)
[14] [https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk](https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/area/west-belfast/news/political-wing-of-new-ira-blasts-sinn-fein-and-vows-to-repaint-west-belfast-mural/a/160028424.html)
[15] [https://www.politico.eu](https://www.politico.eu/article/gerry-adams-sinn-fein-condemns-attack-on-former-leaders-home/)
[16] [https://www.bbc.com](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-51592490)
The Real IRA formed in 1997 when the Provisional IRA (the dominant militant group during the Troubles) declared a ceasefire to allow its political wing, Sinn FĂ©in, to negotiate a peace deal. [2, 4]
* The Rejection: Led by the Provisional IRA’s former quartermaster general, Michael McKevitt, a hardline faction broke away. They argued that Sinn FĂ©in and the mainstream IRA leadership had "sold out" the republican cause by agreeing to a peace process that kept Northern Ireland under British rule. [3, 5]
* The Backlash: The mainstream IRA and Sinn FĂ©in immediately sidelined and condemned the Real IRA. Public and political isolation intensified dramatically after the RIRA carried out the horrific [1998 Omagh bombing](https://www.google.com/search?q=Omagh+bombing+on+1998-08-15&kgmid=/m/0sxrm), which killed 29 civilians. The Provisional IRA went as far as to issue quiet warnings to RIRA members to stand down, viewing them as a direct threat to the strategy of achieving a united Ireland through democratic means. [2, 6, 7]
## 2. The Rise of the New IRA (NIRA)
In 2012, the Real IRA merged with several smaller vigilante and militant groups—such as Republican Action Against Drugs (RAAD)—to form what the media dubbed the New IRA (though they officially call themselves just "the Irish Republican Army"). [5, 8]
* They remain the largest active "dissident republican" paramilitary group. Unlike the old Provisional IRA, which officially decommissioned its weapons in 2005, the New IRA continues a low-level campaign of violence targeting the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) and British infrastructure. [4, 8, 9]
## 3. Targeting Sinn FĂ©in: "Traitors" to the Cause
Because Sinn FĂ©in successfully transitioned into a mainstream democratic political party—even holding the position of First Minister in Northern Ireland—dissident groups like the New IRA view them not as allies, but as part of the "British state machinery". This has led to active intimidation and attacks: [1, 10]
* Active Threats: The Police Service of Northern Ireland has warned Sinn FĂ©in leadership, including Michelle O'Neill and Gerry Kelly, of verified plots by the New IRA to launch under-car bomb attacks against party members. This came in direct retaliation to Sinn FĂ©in leaders attending PSNI recruitment events, which dissidents view as endorsing British policing. [11, 12, 13]
* Vandalism and Protests: The political wing of the New IRA ([Saoradh](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saoradh)) frequently clashes with Sinn FĂ©in over localized turf wars, murals, and political control in working-class republican neighborhoods. Dissidents regularly label Sinn FĂ©in politicians as "touts" (informers). [14]
* Targeting Veterans: In the past, prominent mainstream republican figures like former Sinn FĂ©in leader Gerry Adams have had their homes attacked with explosive devices by dissidents angry at the peaceful political path the party chose. [15]
The Provisional IRA is considered by security forces to be entirely inactive in terms of militant operations, leaving Sinn FĂ©in to fight the New IRA strictly through the legal, political, and democratic systems. [7, 16]
Would you like to explore Saoradh, the political group linked to the New IRA, or look closer at how Sinn FĂ©in's relationship with the police fueled these specific paramilitary threats? [12, 14]
[1] [https://www.theguardian.com](https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/apr/24/surviving-the-split-sinn-feins-long-road-to-independence-from-the-ira)
[2] [https://www.reddit.com](https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistory/comments/1bplj4z/can_someone_explain_the_ira_irish_republican_army/)
[3] [https://medium.com](https://medium.com/never-stop-writing/new-irish-republican-army-08c340989a01)
[4] [https://en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Real_IRA_and_New_IRA_actions)
[5] [https://news.sky.com](https://news.sky.com/story/what-is-the-new-ira-what-the-group-has-done-and-where-it-sits-in-the-iras-history-12817687)
[6] [https://www.ecoi.net](https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2101655.html)
[7] [https://www.quora.com](https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-relationship-between-Sinn-Fein-and-the-Irish-Republican-Army-IRA-Are-they-separate-groups-or-just-different-names-for-the-same-organization)
[8] [https://en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Irish_Republican_Army)
[9] [https://blogs.lse.ac.uk](https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/new-routes-to-old-goals-the-strategic-transformation-of-sinn-fein-and-the-ira/)
[10] [https://www.theguardian.com](https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/apr/01/sinn-fein-talks-republican-dissidents)
[11] [https://sinnfein.ie](https://sinnfein.ie/news/bomb-threat-against-sinn-fein-members-must-be-lifted-oneill/)
[12] [https://www.bbc.com](https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-51459748)
[13] [https://www.rte.ie](https://www.rte.ie/news/ulster/2020/0217/1115942-sinn-fein-new-ira-threat/)
[14] [https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk](https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/area/west-belfast/news/political-wing-of-new-ira-blasts-sinn-fein-and-vows-to-repaint-west-belfast-mural/a/160028424.html)
[15] [https://www.politico.eu](https://www.politico.eu/article/gerry-adams-sinn-fein-condemns-attack-on-former-leaders-home/)
[16] [https://www.bbc.com](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-51592490)
How were the reactions onto the pogroms you mentioned?
The reactions to the anti-Semitic events in Ireland—particularly the 1904 Limerick Pogrom/Boycott—were deeply polarizing and split the country along political, religious, and class lines. [1]
## 1. The 1904 Limerick Pogrom / Boycott Reactions
The events in Limerick sharply divided public opinion across the island. While the localized Catholic working-class enthusiastically carried out the boycott, national reactions varied widely. [1, 2, 3]
* Political Condemnation (The Left/Nationalists): Prominent figures of national standing fiercely condemned the violence. Michael Davitt, a revered labor leader and founder of the Irish National Land League, wrote a highly publicized protest stating, "The Jews have never done any injury to Ireland... I protest as an Irishman and as a Catholic against the barbarous malignancy of anti-Semitism." John Redmond, the leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party, also vocally denounced the attacks. [1, 4]
* Political Support (Radical Nationalists): Conversely, Arthur Griffith—the influential journalist who would go on to found the [Sinn FĂ©in political party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in) just a year later—strongly defended Father Creagh and supported the economic boycott. Through his newspaper The United Irishman, Griffith published anti-Semitic rhetoric, framing the Jewish traders as economic parasites exploiting poor Irish peasants. Media outlets like the Limerick Leader and the Irish Independent also echoed pro-boycott sentiments. [3, 5, 6, 7, 8]
* Religious Reactions (The Church Split): Initially, local Redemptorist church leadership supported Father Creagh, and thousands of members of the Catholic Archconfraternity actively participated in the harassment and boycott. However, as news of the "pogrom" drew negative international coverage (even being debated at Westminster in London), the Catholic hierarchy grew embarrassed. Creagh’s superiors eventually disowned him and transferred him out of Ireland, stating that "religious persecution had no place" in the country. [3, 8, 9, 10]
* Protestant Solidarity: Limerick's Protestant minority, many of whom were business owners and traders themselves, rallied in solidarity with the Jewish community. They extended credit, bought goods from Jewish merchants, and vocally condemned the Catholic mobs, partly out of a genuine desire to help and partly because they feared that religious intolerance could easily turn against them next. [2, 9]
* Legal Action: The local Royal Irish Constabulary (police) moved in to limit physical violence, arresting 11 individuals during the initial riots. However, the sentences handed out by courts were remarkably light. For instance, a teenager who stoned the local rabbi on the street was sentenced to just one month in prison, and upon his release, he was greeted by a welcoming, celebratory crowd of locals who believed his punishment was too harsh. [2, 3, 9, 11]
------------------------------
## 2. Reactions to the 1923 Targeted Murders
The 1923 targeted killings of Bernard Goldberg and Emmanuel Kahn in Dublin by rogue republican elements provoked an entirely different reaction: silence and historical erasure. [12]
* Fear and Emigration: Unlike Limerick, where the community fought back economically for two years, the 1923 murders introduced a terrifying element of gun violence during the volatile Civil War period. The reaction within the Irish Jewish community was one of quiet terror, prompting many families to fast-track plans to emigrate to the UK or the United States.
* Collective Amnesia: Historians note that the 1923 murders were almost entirely wiped from Irish national memory. While the Limerick Boycott remains a heavily studied and debated event in schools, the execution of Jewish citizens during the foundational years of the state was largely swept under the rug to preserve a cleaner narrative of the birth of the Irish Republic. [12, 13, 14, 15, 16]
Would you like to know more about how Arthur Griffith's early anti-Semitism influenced early Sinn FĂ©in policy, or explore how the Irish Jewish Museum documents these events today?
[1] [https://historyireland.com](https://historyireland.com/the-limerick-pogrom-1904/)
[2] [https://journals.uclpress.co.uk](https://journals.uclpress.co.uk/jhs/article/3834/galley/19448/view/)
[3] [https://historyireland.com](https://historyireland.com/the-limerick-pogrom-1904/)
[4] [https://www.askaboutireland.ie](https://www.askaboutireland.ie/learning-zone/primary-students/looking-at-places/limerick-city/limerick-city-history/the-limerick-boycott/)
[5] [https://muse.jhu.edu](https://muse.jhu.edu/article/974318)
[6] [https://historyireland.com](https://historyireland.com/the-limerick-pogrom-1904/)
[7] [https://www.nli.org.il](https://www.nli.org.il/en/articles/RAMBI990002045020705171/NLI)
[8] [https://www.cambridge.org](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/irish-historical-studies/article/irish-and-the-jews-have-a-good-deal-in-common-irish-republicanism-antisemitism-and-the-postwar-world/A05640F45AAD2FF36DDE300942EC95AC)
[9] [https://en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick_boycott)
[10] [https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com](https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/9989-limerick)
[11] [https://en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick_boycott)
[12] [https://journals.uclpress.co.uk](https://journals.uclpress.co.uk/jhs/article/id/3834/)
[13] [https://www.reddit.com](https://www.reddit.com/r/IrishHistory/comments/1adwxi6/jewishirish_relations/)
[14] [https://www.theirishstory.com](https://www.theirishstory.com/2020/08/13/civil-war-casualties-in-county-limerick-1922-1923/)
[15] [https://www.reddit.com](https://www.reddit.com/r/Jewish/comments/1ad8cvu/jewishirish_relations/)
[16] [https://muse.jhu.edu](https://muse.jhu.edu/article/974318)
The events in Limerick sharply divided public opinion across the island. While the localized Catholic working-class enthusiastically carried out the boycott, national reactions varied widely. [1, 2, 3]
* Political Condemnation (The Left/Nationalists): Prominent figures of national standing fiercely condemned the violence. Michael Davitt, a revered labor leader and founder of the Irish National Land League, wrote a highly publicized protest stating, "The Jews have never done any injury to Ireland... I protest as an Irishman and as a Catholic against the barbarous malignancy of anti-Semitism." John Redmond, the leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party, also vocally denounced the attacks. [1, 4]
* Political Support (Radical Nationalists): Conversely, Arthur Griffith—the influential journalist who would go on to found the [Sinn FĂ©in political party](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in) just a year later—strongly defended Father Creagh and supported the economic boycott. Through his newspaper The United Irishman, Griffith published anti-Semitic rhetoric, framing the Jewish traders as economic parasites exploiting poor Irish peasants. Media outlets like the Limerick Leader and the Irish Independent also echoed pro-boycott sentiments. [3, 5, 6, 7, 8]
* Religious Reactions (The Church Split): Initially, local Redemptorist church leadership supported Father Creagh, and thousands of members of the Catholic Archconfraternity actively participated in the harassment and boycott. However, as news of the "pogrom" drew negative international coverage (even being debated at Westminster in London), the Catholic hierarchy grew embarrassed. Creagh’s superiors eventually disowned him and transferred him out of Ireland, stating that "religious persecution had no place" in the country. [3, 8, 9, 10]
* Protestant Solidarity: Limerick's Protestant minority, many of whom were business owners and traders themselves, rallied in solidarity with the Jewish community. They extended credit, bought goods from Jewish merchants, and vocally condemned the Catholic mobs, partly out of a genuine desire to help and partly because they feared that religious intolerance could easily turn against them next. [2, 9]
* Legal Action: The local Royal Irish Constabulary (police) moved in to limit physical violence, arresting 11 individuals during the initial riots. However, the sentences handed out by courts were remarkably light. For instance, a teenager who stoned the local rabbi on the street was sentenced to just one month in prison, and upon his release, he was greeted by a welcoming, celebratory crowd of locals who believed his punishment was too harsh. [2, 3, 9, 11]
------------------------------
## 2. Reactions to the 1923 Targeted Murders
The 1923 targeted killings of Bernard Goldberg and Emmanuel Kahn in Dublin by rogue republican elements provoked an entirely different reaction: silence and historical erasure. [12]
* Fear and Emigration: Unlike Limerick, where the community fought back economically for two years, the 1923 murders introduced a terrifying element of gun violence during the volatile Civil War period. The reaction within the Irish Jewish community was one of quiet terror, prompting many families to fast-track plans to emigrate to the UK or the United States.
* Collective Amnesia: Historians note that the 1923 murders were almost entirely wiped from Irish national memory. While the Limerick Boycott remains a heavily studied and debated event in schools, the execution of Jewish citizens during the foundational years of the state was largely swept under the rug to preserve a cleaner narrative of the birth of the Irish Republic. [12, 13, 14, 15, 16]
Would you like to know more about how Arthur Griffith's early anti-Semitism influenced early Sinn FĂ©in policy, or explore how the Irish Jewish Museum documents these events today?
[1] [https://historyireland.com](https://historyireland.com/the-limerick-pogrom-1904/)
[2] [https://journals.uclpress.co.uk](https://journals.uclpress.co.uk/jhs/article/3834/galley/19448/view/)
[3] [https://historyireland.com](https://historyireland.com/the-limerick-pogrom-1904/)
[4] [https://www.askaboutireland.ie](https://www.askaboutireland.ie/learning-zone/primary-students/looking-at-places/limerick-city/limerick-city-history/the-limerick-boycott/)
[5] [https://muse.jhu.edu](https://muse.jhu.edu/article/974318)
[6] [https://historyireland.com](https://historyireland.com/the-limerick-pogrom-1904/)
[7] [https://www.nli.org.il](https://www.nli.org.il/en/articles/RAMBI990002045020705171/NLI)
[8] [https://www.cambridge.org](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/irish-historical-studies/article/irish-and-the-jews-have-a-good-deal-in-common-irish-republicanism-antisemitism-and-the-postwar-world/A05640F45AAD2FF36DDE300942EC95AC)
[9] [https://en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick_boycott)
[10] [https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com](https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/9989-limerick)
[11] [https://en.wikipedia.org](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limerick_boycott)
[12] [https://journals.uclpress.co.uk](https://journals.uclpress.co.uk/jhs/article/id/3834/)
[13] [https://www.reddit.com](https://www.reddit.com/r/IrishHistory/comments/1adwxi6/jewishirish_relations/)
[14] [https://www.theirishstory.com](https://www.theirishstory.com/2020/08/13/civil-war-casualties-in-county-limerick-1922-1923/)
[15] [https://www.reddit.com](https://www.reddit.com/r/Jewish/comments/1ad8cvu/jewishirish_relations/)
[16] [https://muse.jhu.edu](https://muse.jhu.edu/article/974318)
The 1904 hits were limited to one specific group. If we compare the Real and New IRA situation and acknowledge the complxity withing Ireland no matter its actually small size, can we assume that 1904 was very targeted and not reflecting a wide anti-jewish
attitude? How great are chances that it was either only against that group among jews or only from one group among the para-militaries?
Your observation hits on a core debate that historians still wrestle with regarding the 1904 Limerick Boycott. Comparing it to modern paramilitary dynamics—where a highly vocal, armed, or radical minority can drive actions that the broader population explicitly rejects—is a useful framework for understanding what happened.
Historians largely agree with your premise: the 1904 event was highly localized, driven by a specific group, and did not reflect a widespread, active anti-Jewish attitude across the island of Ireland. However, it did rely on a latent, passive prejudice that a single radical figure successfully weaponized.
------------------------------
Historians largely agree with your premise: the 1904 event was highly localized, driven by a specific group, and did not reflect a widespread, active anti-Jewish attitude across the island of Ireland. However, it did rely on a latent, passive prejudice that a single radical figure successfully weaponized.
------------------------------
## 1. Was it targeted only against a specific group among Jews?
Yes. The boycott in Limerick specifically targeted a newly arrived, visible, and economically distinct group of Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants from Lithuania. [1, 2]
* The "Weekly" Payment System: Most of these refugees arrived with no capital and became "peddlers" or traveling drapers. They sold clothes, blankets, and household goods to poor Catholic families on credit, returning weekly to collect small repayments. [1, 3, 4]
* The Economic Trigger: When Limerick hit a severe economic depression in 1904, local people found themselves heavily indebted to these Jewish traders. Father John Creagh maliciously reframed this standard consumer credit as "Jewish usury" and religious exploitation. [1, 3, 5, 6]
* Exclusion of Assimilated Jews: Older, wealthier, and more assimilated Jewish families living in Dublin or Cork—who worked in mainstream commerce or professions—were completely unaffected by the Limerick boycott. The hostility was strictly bound to the intersection of the immigrants' distinct religious visibility, their Lithuanian background, and their specific door-to-door credit business model.
------------------------------
## 2. Was it driven by "one group" among Irish factions?
Yes, it was a convergence of two specific radical forces. Just as modern dissident groups like the New IRA operate on the fringes of the republican movement, the 1904 boycott was driven by a specific religious fraternity and a radical political faction. [7]
* The Religious Group (The Confraternity): The primary engine was the Arch-Confraternity of the Holy Family, a massive, highly disciplined Catholic men's sodality directed by Father Creagh. It had over 6,000 members in a small city. Once Creagh issued the directive from the pulpit, this specific, tightly organized group implemented the enforcement and street-level intimidation. [2, 6]
* The Political Group (Radical Nationalists): Politically, the boycott was championed by Arthur Griffith and his radical nationalist paper, The United Irishman. Griffith used the event to push his "Buy Irish" economic philosophy, xenophobically casting Jewish traders as foreign exploiters. [7]
------------------------------
## 3. Did it reflect a wide anti-Jewish attitude in Ireland?
No. The broader Irish public and mainstream political establishments actively rejected it. The chances that this represented general Irish sentiment are extremely low, as evidenced by several factors:
* National Denunciation: Mainstream Irish nationalist leaders (like Michael Davitt and John Redmond) vehemently condemned the Limerick events. Davitt publicly stated that anti-Semitism was fundamentally "un-Irish."
* The Dublin Contrast: At the exact same time as the Limerick Boycott, the Jewish community in Dublin's "Little Jerusalem" was growing, opening schools, and integrating peacefully without any parallel boycotts or violence.
* Lack of Systematic Laws: Unlike in the UK or continental Europe, Ireland never introduced state-sanctioned anti-Semitic laws or structural ghettoization. When the Irish Free State constitution was written in 1937, Éamon de Valera explicitly included constitutional protections for the Jewish religion—a rare move in Europe at that time. [6, 7]
## The Historic Verdict
The 1904 Limerick Boycott is best understood not as a reflection of broad Irish bigotry, but as a textbook case of localized demagoguery. Much like how small paramilitary splinters use specific political vacuums today, a single charismatic extremist (Father Creagh) successfully manipulated a vulnerable, uneducated, and deeply impoverished local population during an economic crisis. Once he was removed from the equation by his superiors, the momentum vanished. [2, 5, 6]
If you would like to explore this historical period further, let me know if you want to look at:
* How mainstream Irish newspapers outside of Limerick covered the boycott.
* The role Limerick's Protestant minority played in actively breaking the boycott to help their Jewish neighbors.
[1] [https://historyireland.com](https://historyireland.com/the-limerick-pogrom-1904/)
[2] [https://www.theirishstory.com](https://www.theirishstory.com/2020/07/05/revisiting-the-limerick-pogrom-of-1904/)
[3] [https://www.tandfonline.com](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0449010X.1997.10706161)
[4] [https://journals.uclpress.co.uk](https://journals.uclpress.co.uk/jhs/article/3834/galley/19448/view/)
[5] [https://journals.uclpress.co.uk](https://journals.uclpress.co.uk/jhs/article/id/3834/print/)
[6] [https://muse.jhu.edu](https://muse.jhu.edu/article/974318)
[7] [https://www.nli.org.il](https://www.nli.org.il/en/articles/RAMBI990002045020705171/NLI)
Yes. The boycott in Limerick specifically targeted a newly arrived, visible, and economically distinct group of Ashkenazi Jewish immigrants from Lithuania. [1, 2]
* The "Weekly" Payment System: Most of these refugees arrived with no capital and became "peddlers" or traveling drapers. They sold clothes, blankets, and household goods to poor Catholic families on credit, returning weekly to collect small repayments. [1, 3, 4]
* The Economic Trigger: When Limerick hit a severe economic depression in 1904, local people found themselves heavily indebted to these Jewish traders. Father John Creagh maliciously reframed this standard consumer credit as "Jewish usury" and religious exploitation. [1, 3, 5, 6]
* Exclusion of Assimilated Jews: Older, wealthier, and more assimilated Jewish families living in Dublin or Cork—who worked in mainstream commerce or professions—were completely unaffected by the Limerick boycott. The hostility was strictly bound to the intersection of the immigrants' distinct religious visibility, their Lithuanian background, and their specific door-to-door credit business model.
------------------------------
## 2. Was it driven by "one group" among Irish factions?
Yes, it was a convergence of two specific radical forces. Just as modern dissident groups like the New IRA operate on the fringes of the republican movement, the 1904 boycott was driven by a specific religious fraternity and a radical political faction. [7]
* The Religious Group (The Confraternity): The primary engine was the Arch-Confraternity of the Holy Family, a massive, highly disciplined Catholic men's sodality directed by Father Creagh. It had over 6,000 members in a small city. Once Creagh issued the directive from the pulpit, this specific, tightly organized group implemented the enforcement and street-level intimidation. [2, 6]
* The Political Group (Radical Nationalists): Politically, the boycott was championed by Arthur Griffith and his radical nationalist paper, The United Irishman. Griffith used the event to push his "Buy Irish" economic philosophy, xenophobically casting Jewish traders as foreign exploiters. [7]
------------------------------
## 3. Did it reflect a wide anti-Jewish attitude in Ireland?
No. The broader Irish public and mainstream political establishments actively rejected it. The chances that this represented general Irish sentiment are extremely low, as evidenced by several factors:
* National Denunciation: Mainstream Irish nationalist leaders (like Michael Davitt and John Redmond) vehemently condemned the Limerick events. Davitt publicly stated that anti-Semitism was fundamentally "un-Irish."
* The Dublin Contrast: At the exact same time as the Limerick Boycott, the Jewish community in Dublin's "Little Jerusalem" was growing, opening schools, and integrating peacefully without any parallel boycotts or violence.
* Lack of Systematic Laws: Unlike in the UK or continental Europe, Ireland never introduced state-sanctioned anti-Semitic laws or structural ghettoization. When the Irish Free State constitution was written in 1937, Éamon de Valera explicitly included constitutional protections for the Jewish religion—a rare move in Europe at that time. [6, 7]
## The Historic Verdict
The 1904 Limerick Boycott is best understood not as a reflection of broad Irish bigotry, but as a textbook case of localized demagoguery. Much like how small paramilitary splinters use specific political vacuums today, a single charismatic extremist (Father Creagh) successfully manipulated a vulnerable, uneducated, and deeply impoverished local population during an economic crisis. Once he was removed from the equation by his superiors, the momentum vanished. [2, 5, 6]
If you would like to explore this historical period further, let me know if you want to look at:
* How mainstream Irish newspapers outside of Limerick covered the boycott.
* The role Limerick's Protestant minority played in actively breaking the boycott to help their Jewish neighbors.
[1] [https://historyireland.com](https://historyireland.com/the-limerick-pogrom-1904/)
[2] [https://www.theirishstory.com](https://www.theirishstory.com/2020/07/05/revisiting-the-limerick-pogrom-of-1904/)
[3] [https://www.tandfonline.com](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/0449010X.1997.10706161)
[4] [https://journals.uclpress.co.uk](https://journals.uclpress.co.uk/jhs/article/3834/galley/19448/view/)
[5] [https://journals.uclpress.co.uk](https://journals.uclpress.co.uk/jhs/article/id/3834/print/)
[6] [https://muse.jhu.edu](https://muse.jhu.edu/article/974318)
[7] [https://www.nli.org.il](https://www.nli.org.il/en/articles/RAMBI990002045020705171/NLI)
PS: There is a great chance that the LGBTQ Jews one day having to leave Israel would get their next go if coming to Ireland, to be honest, but I am as certain that the Orthodox would get the very opposite treatment and become one of Ireland's Bijou.
Ireland is difficult, if you mind a good clean fight by all means necessary. Necessary... I said Necessary, German! YOU ARE OUT!
From an Irish perspective that is not that bad. No hunger strike, nothing burned down, bombed or shot dead. Some guy kneeling about...
I am serious.
#IRAmovement #provos
IronClad The Goblin Centurion Deadhead
